# Important Advisory: SQLCipher with Xcode 9 and new SDKs **URL:** \ **Category:** SQLCipher FAQ\ **Created:** [September 22, 2017, 2:33pm UTC](https://discuss.zetetic.net/t/important-advisory-sqlcipher-with-xcode-9-and-new-sdks/2371 "2017-09-22T14:33:35Z")\ **Posts on this page:** 8\ **Page:** 1
**Author:** ![sjlombardo](https://sea2.discourse-cdn.com/flex016/user_avatar/discuss.zetetic.net/sjlombardo/32/3_2.png) [@sjlombardo](https://discuss.zetetic.net/u/sjlombardo)\ **Post date:** [September 22, 2017, 2:33pm UTC](https://discuss.zetetic.net/t/important-advisory-sqlcipher-with-xcode-9-and-new-sdks/2371/1 "2017-09-22T14:33:36Z")
Apple has recently released Xcode 9, along with new SDKs (e.g. iOS 11, watchOS 4, etc), with new features and enhancements. Most projects that include recent versions of SQLCipher shouldn’t have any problems upgrading. However, there are some changes in the SDKs, so we have prepared important recommendations for SQLCipher developers that run into errors after upgrading. Note: Before proceeding, be sure that all projects implement the separately documented [recommended changes related to SQLCipher link ordering, run-time checks, and testing / validation](https://discuss.zetetic.net/t/important-advisory-sqlcipher-with-xcode-8-and-new-sdks/1688). ## Changes in Xcode 9 Apple has always included a header file, `sqlite3.h`, in past releases of their SDKs. This header file defines the standard API interface for SQLite. Because the same interface is used with SQLCipher, it was formerly possible to use the SDK header file in place of SQLCipher’s packaged `sqlite3.h`. However, with the new release of Xcode 9 and the latest SDKs, the defintitions of `sqlite3_key` and `sqlite3_rekey` are missing from the Xcode 9 SDK `sqlite3.h` file. This change means that if a project is not setup correctly it will be unable to locate SQLCipher’s `sqlite3.h`, resulting in compile time errors like these: ```auto Implicit declaration of function ‘sqlite3_key’ is invalid in C99 Implicit declaration of function ‘sqlite3_rekey’ is invalid in C99 ``` Note that these errors indicate a problem with the project setup, not an issue with SQLCipher itself. _In other words, under earlier versions of Xcode it was possible to have an improperly configured project that would still compile anyway_. Now, under Xcode 9, it is mandatory that SQLCipher’s `sqlite3.h` be used by the compiler via the `Header Search Path` in project or target Build Settings. ## Recommended Resolutions The appropriate resolution depends on how you are including SQLCipher in your Xcode project. ### All Integration Methods Before making any other changes, first, ensure that `-DSQLITE_HAS_CODEC` is present in the the `Other C Flags` property of the top level project or target Build Settings. ### SQLCipher Commercial Edition / Enterprise When using offical Zetetic package distributions, locate the `Header Search Paths` property in the top level project Build Settings and ensure that `$(PROJECT_DIR)/sqlcipher-static-ios/include` is present. If necessary, adjust according to the the path to the sqlite3.h you received as part of the package. ### sqlcipher.xcodeproj When using the [sqlcipher.xcodeproj included in the SQLCipher git repository](https://www.zetetic.net/sqlcipher/ios-tutorial/), locate the `Header Search Paths` property in the top level project Build Settings and ensure that `$(PROJECT_DIR)/sqlcipher` is present. If you have located the sqlcipher submodule elsewhere in your project structure then adjust the path as appropriate. ### SQLCipher CocoaPod with use\_frameworks! When using the SQLCipher CocoaPod (or any other Pod that depends on SQLCipher, e.g. FMDB), it is necessary to make a special adjustment if the project `Podfile` contains the `use_frameworks!` directive. This appears to be the result of a CocoaPods [issue](https://github.com/CocoaPods/CocoaPods/issues/4605) that disables the creation of header links under Pods/Headers when `use_framworks!` is enabled. This makes it impossible for Xcode 9 to resolve the proper `sqlite3.h` file included with the SQLCipher Pod. The simplest work around is to add a `post_install` hook in the project Podfile tha creates a link in `Pods/Headers/Private`. That folder is is automatically included in the `Header Search Paths` by CocoaPods. ```auto post_install do | installer | print "SQLCipher: link Pods/Headers/sqlite3.h" system "mkdir -p Pods/Headers/Private && ln -s ../../SQLCipher/sqlite3.h Pods/Headers/Private" end ``` ### SQLCipher CocoaPod without use\_frameworks! If implicit declaration warnings are present using the SQLCipher CocoaPod, but without the `use_frameworks!` directive, then it is possible the project Build Settings are overriding the default CocoaPod settings. In this case, inspect the project settings and each target to remove any manual `Header Search Paths` setting, or add `$(inherited)` to the setting if manual overrides are necessary. If the project is setup incorrectly running `pod install` will report warnings about the project `HEADER_SEARCH_PATH` overriding Pod settings. Change the project configuration to eliminate those warnings. ---
**Author:** ![sjlombardo](https://sea2.discourse-cdn.com/flex016/user_avatar/discuss.zetetic.net/sjlombardo/32/3_2.png) [@sjlombardo](https://discuss.zetetic.net/u/sjlombardo)\ **Post date:** [September 22, 2017, 6:20pm UTC](https://discuss.zetetic.net/t/important-advisory-sqlcipher-with-xcode-9-and-new-sdks/2371/2 "2017-09-22T18:20:48Z")
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**Author:** ![Steven\_Warren](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/s/db5fbb/32.png) [@Steven\_Warren](https://discuss.zetetic.net/u/Steven_Warren)\ **Post date:** [September 26, 2017, 2:14pm UTC](https://discuss.zetetic.net/t/important-advisory-sqlcipher-with-xcode-9-and-new-sdks/2371/3 "2017-09-26T14:14:23Z")
Hi there, I am having some trouble with the following error: Use of unresolved identifier ‘sqlite3\_key’ key points: - I think we were guilty of incorrect installation of the software prior to migration and used the sdk’s sqlite module. that is no longer the case. - I have removed the sdk’s sqlite3 from the project, as well as any references to it - I have followed the tutorial for enterprise installation, since we acquired a license for commercial use - I have started a fresh project and followed the tutorial again (worked fine) - I have cross checked the fresh project with the existing one for both the project and target settings, they match where relevant. I still get the following error, even though when I ‘jump to definition’ on sqlite3\_key it takes me to the code, so it is finding it, yet its apparently unresolved. Does having cocoapods installed potentially conflict with the installation? Any ideas? Or information that would help? thanks ---
**Author:** ![sjlombardo](https://sea2.discourse-cdn.com/flex016/user_avatar/discuss.zetetic.net/sjlombardo/32/3_2.png) [@sjlombardo](https://discuss.zetetic.net/u/sjlombardo)\ **Post date:** [September 26, 2017, 9:23pm UTC](https://discuss.zetetic.net/t/important-advisory-sqlcipher-with-xcode-9-and-new-sdks/2371/4 "2017-09-26T21:23:11Z")
Hello @Steven_Warren - thanks for getting in touch about this. One possible explanation might be that there are some Target-level settings that are overriding the Project-level setting for the Header Search Path. If this were the case you might be jumping to the right locations when viewing the code or project properties in Xcode, but when the actual compiler is invoked for a given target the include paths are wrong. One quick way to check this is to open up the target properties and see what the resolved values are for Header Search path on every target. Alternately, if that doesn’t show anything obvious, we could take a look at the output of `ls -R` from the top level of your project along with the full Xcode build log. If you were to post that we can take a look. Finally, it sounds like you have purchased SQLCipher Commercial Edition. If so and your organization has an active CipherCare support subscription you can also contact us directly for private support via email to [support@zetetic.net](mailto:support@zetetic.net). Thanks! ---
**Author:** ![Steven\_Warren](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/s/db5fbb/32.png) [@Steven\_Warren](https://discuss.zetetic.net/u/Steven_Warren)\ **Post date:** [September 27, 2017, 10:07am UTC](https://discuss.zetetic.net/t/important-advisory-sqlcipher-with-xcode-9-and-new-sdks/2371/5 "2017-09-27T10:07:08Z")
Hi there Thanks for taking the time to reply. This is from the terminal. As you will see, the directories are as instructed in the installation guide. ``` ./sqlcipher-static-ios: LICENSE.pdf README.txt include ios-libs ./sqlcipher-static-ios/include: sqlite3.h ./sqlcipher-static-ios/ios-libs: libsqlcipher-ios.a sqlite3 ``` As for the header search paths, on a project level it is again, as instructed, as you can see here: ![45](https://us1.discourse-cdn.com/flex016/uploads/zetetic/original/1X/f368b6debc1ee392d7bacd243e41952f3efe7490.png) On a target level, the header search path is $(inherited) from the project level setting, so no overriding is occurring. Finally the build log: i cant upload it because i am a new user, so heres the bit you need anyway: CompileSwift normal x86\_64 /Users/spdspark/Desktop/ios/source/utilities/SwiftData.swift cd /Users/spdspark/Desktop/ios “/Applications/Xcode 9, beta 5.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/swift” -frontend -c -filelist /var/folders/ty/zxgf9tks7qz9z07p0yqfyy5h0000gn/T/sources-10f152 -primary-file /Users/spdspark/Desktop/ios/source/utilities/SwiftData.swift -target x86\_64-apple-ios9.3 -enable-objc-interop -sdk “/Applications/Xcode 9, beta 5.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator11.0.sdk” -I /Users/spdspark/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/connect-fdsfjbwkbmofqhdjkkxppwcpowsl/Build/Products/Debug-iphonesimulator -F /Users/spdspark/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/connect-fdsfjbwkbmofqhdjkkxppwcpowsl/Build/Products/Debug-iphonesimulator -F /Users/spdspark/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/connect-fdsfjbwkbmofqhdjkkxppwcpowsl/Build/Products/Debug-iphonesimulator/Alamofire -F /Users/spdspark/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/connect-fdsfjbwkbmofqhdjkkxppwcpowsl/Build/Products/Debug-iphonesimulator/SwiftKeychainWrapper -F /Users/spdspark/Desktop/ios/Pods/HockeySDK/HockeySDK-iOS/HockeySDK.embeddedframework -F /Users/spdspark/Desktop/ios -F /Users/spdspark/Desktop/ios/HockeySDK.embeddedframework -F /Users/spdspark/Desktop/ios/build/Debug-iphoneos -enable-testing -g -module-cache-path /Users/spdspark/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/ModuleCache -swift-version 3 -enforce-exclusivity=checked -D PROD -serialize-debugging-options -Xcc -I/Users/spdspark/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/connect-fdsfjbwkbmofqhdjkkxppwcpowsl/Build/Intermediates.noindex/connect.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/connect-prod.build/swift-overrides.hmap -Xcc -iquote -Xcc /Users/spdspark/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/connect-fdsfjbwkbmofqhdjkkxppwcpowsl/Build/Intermediates.noindex/connect.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/connect-prod.build/Clearblue-generated-files.hmap -Xcc -I/Users/spdspark/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/connect-fdsfjbwkbmofqhdjkkxppwcpowsl/Build/Intermediates.noindex/connect.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/connect-prod.build/Clearblue-own-target-headers.hmap -Xcc -I/Users/spdspark/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/connect-fdsfjbwkbmofqhdjkkxppwcpowsl/Build/Intermediates.noindex/connect.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/connect-prod.build/Clearblue-all-non-framework-target-headers.hmap -Xcc -ivfsoverlay -Xcc /Users/spdspark/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/connect-fdsfjbwkbmofqhdjkkxppwcpowsl/Build/Intermediates.noindex/connect.build/all-product-headers.yaml -Xcc -iquote -Xcc /Users/spdspark/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/connect-fdsfjbwkbmofqhdjkkxppwcpowsl/Build/Intermediates.noindex/connect.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/connect-prod.build/Clearblue-project-headers.hmap -Xcc -I/Users/spdspark/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/connect-fdsfjbwkbmofqhdjkkxppwcpowsl/Build/Products/Debug-iphonesimulator/include -Xcc - **_I/Users/spdspark/Desktop/ios/sqlcipher-static-ios/include_** -Xcc -I/Users/spdspark/Desktop/ios/Pods/Headers/Public -Xcc -I/Users/spdspark/Desktop/ios/Pods/Headers/Public/HockeySDK -Xcc -I/Users/spdspark/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/connect-fdsfjbwkbmofqhdjkkxppwcpowsl/Build/Intermediates.noindex/connect.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/connect-prod.build/DerivedSources/x86\_64 -Xcc -I/Users/spdspark/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/connect-fdsfjbwkbmofqhdjkkxppwcpowsl/Build/Intermediates.noindex/connect.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/connect-prod.build/DerivedSources -Xcc -DPROD=1 -Xcc -working-directory/Users/spdspark/Desktop/ios -emit-module-doc-path /Users/spdspark/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/connect-fdsfjbwkbmofqhdjkkxppwcpowsl/Build/Intermediates.noindex/connect.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/connect-prod.build/Objects-normal/x86\_64/SwiftData~partial.swiftdoc -serialize-diagnostics-path /Users/spdspark/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/connect-fdsfjbwkbmofqhdjkkxppwcpowsl/Build/Intermediates.noindex/connect.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/connect-prod.build/Objects-normal/x86\_64/SwiftData.dia -import-objc-header /Users/spdspark/Desktop/ios/source/connect-bridging-header.h -pch-output-dir /Users/spdspark/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/connect-fdsfjbwkbmofqhdjkkxppwcpowsl/Build/Intermediates.noindex/PrecompiledHeaders -pch-disable-validation -Onone -module-name Clearblue -emit-module-path /Users/spdspark/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/connect-fdsfjbwkbmofqhdjkkxppwcpowsl/Build/Intermediates.noindex/connect.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/connect-prod.build/Objects-normal/x86\_64/SwiftData~partial.swiftmodule -emit-dependencies-path /Users/spdspark/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/connect-fdsfjbwkbmofqhdjkkxppwcpowsl/Build/Intermediates.noindex/connect.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/connect-prod.build/Objects-normal/x86\_64/SwiftData.d -emit-reference-dependencies-path /Users/spdspark/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/connect-fdsfjbwkbmofqhdjkkxppwcpowsl/Build/Intermediates.noindex/connect.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/connect-prod.build/Objects-normal/x86\_64/SwiftData.swiftdeps -o /Users/spdspark/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/connect-fdsfjbwkbmofqhdjkkxppwcpowsl/Build/Intermediates.noindex/connect.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/connect-prod.build/Objects-normal/x86\_64/SwiftData.o -index-store-path /Users/spdspark/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/connect-fdsfjbwkbmofqhdjkkxppwcpowsl/Index/DataStore -index-system-modules /Users/spdspark/Desktop/ios/source/utilities/SwiftData.swift:811:13: error: use of unresolved identifier ‘sqlite3\_key’ sqlite3\_key(sqliteDB, unwrappedEncryptionKey, Int32(strlen(unwrappedEncryptionKey))) NOTE: so in the process of compiling this response, I deleted my derived data folder for the 12th time, and now its working. Yay. ---
**Author:** ![sjlombardo](https://sea2.discourse-cdn.com/flex016/user_avatar/discuss.zetetic.net/sjlombardo/32/3_2.png) [@sjlombardo](https://discuss.zetetic.net/u/sjlombardo)\ **Post date:** [September 28, 2017, 1:06pm UTC](https://discuss.zetetic.net/t/important-advisory-sqlcipher-with-xcode-9-and-new-sdks/2371/6 "2017-09-28T13:06:14Z")
Hi @Steven_Warren - I’m glad to hear that its working for you now. I can’t tell you how many times we’ve been bitten by issues with DerivedData! ---
**Author:** ![AntonE](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/a/87869e/32.png) [@AntonE](https://discuss.zetetic.net/u/AntonE)\ **Post date:** [December 24, 2017, 12:49am UTC](https://discuss.zetetic.net/t/important-advisory-sqlcipher-with-xcode-9-and-new-sdks/2371/7 "2017-12-24T00:49:05Z")
Hi, I had same problem and after adding provided lines for Pod file was able to build project. However, I’m not able to make an encrypted DB from unencrypted. Previously this code worked perfectly. I’m calling encryption on launching and getting log line: ``` [logging] no such function: sqlcipher_export ``` Can you advice me, how to fix it? I’m using following methods: ``` // SQL Query. NOTE THAT DATABASE IS THE FULL PATH NOT ONLY THE NAME let sqlQ = "ATTACH DATABASE '\(encryptedDatabasePath)' AS encrypted KEY '\(dbKey)';" var unencrypted_DB: OpaquePointer? = nil if sqlite3_open_v2(databasePath, &unencrypted_DB, SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE | SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX, nil) == SQLITE_OK { // Attach empty encrypted database to unencrypted database sqlite3_exec(unencrypted_DB, sqlQ, nil, nil, nil) // export database sqlite3_exec(unencrypted_DB, "SELECT sqlcipher_export('encrypted');", nil, nil, nil) // Detach encrypted database sqlite3_exec(unencrypted_DB, "DETACH DATABASE encrypted;", nil, nil, nil) // Close database sqlite3_close(unencrypted_DB) print("encrypted successfully") } else { sqlite3_close(unencrypted_DB) sqlite3_errmsg(unencrypted_DB) //print("encryp error: \()") } ``` ---
**Author:** ![sjlombardo](https://sea2.discourse-cdn.com/flex016/user_avatar/discuss.zetetic.net/sjlombardo/32/3_2.png) [@sjlombardo](https://discuss.zetetic.net/u/sjlombardo)\ **Post date:** [December 24, 2017, 4:17pm UTC](https://discuss.zetetic.net/t/important-advisory-sqlcipher-with-xcode-9-and-new-sdks/2371/8 "2017-12-24T16:17:56Z")
Hello @AntonE - if you are unable to call sqlcipher\_export it is likely that SQLCipher is not actually being linked into your application. I would suggest that you [review this post related to link ordering, run-time checks, and testing / validation](https://discuss.zetetic.net/t/important-advisory-sqlcipher-with-xcode-8-and-new-sdks/1688). After implementing any applicable changes, let us know if the problem is resolved.